作者:深圳教育在线 来源:szedu.net 更新日期：2008-1-30
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
Before the 1850′s the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small,church-connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students.
Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university. In Germany a different kind of university had developed. The German university was concerned primarily with creating and spreading knowledge,not morals. Between midcentury and the end of the 1800′s, more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went Germany for advanced study. Some of them returned to become presidents of venerable （受人尊敬的 ） colleges—Harvard, Yale, Columbia—and transform them into modern universities The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty. Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for disciplining students. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on,and this called for a faculty composed of teacherscholars. Drilling and learning by rote （死记硬背 ） were replaced by the German method of lecturing, in which the professor′s own research was presented in class. Graduate training leading to the Ph. D, an ancient German degree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment, was introduced. With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate students learned to question, analyze,and conduct their own research.
At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old, constricted curriculum of mathematics, classics, rhetoric, and music. The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system, by which students were able to choose their own courses of study. The notion of major fields of study emerged. The new goal was to make the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world. Paying close heed to the practical needs of society, the new universities trained men and women to work at its tasks, with engineering students being the most characteristic of the new regime. Students were also trained as economists, architects, agriculturalists, social welfare workers, and teachers. 31. The word "this" （sentence 8, Para. 2） refers to which of the following?
A） Creating and passing on knowledge. B） Drilling and learning by rote.
C） Disciplining students. D） Developing moral principles.
32. According to the passage, the seminar system encouraged students to .
A） discuss moral issues B） study the classics, rhetoric, and music
C） study overseasD） work more independently
33. It can be inferred from the passage that before 1850, all of the following were Characteristic of higher education EXCEPT .
A） the elective systemB） drilling
C） strict disciplineD） rote learning
34. Those who favored the new university would be likely to agree with which of the following statements?
A） Learning is best achieved through discipline and drill.
B） Shaping the moral character of students should be the primary goal.
C） Higher education should prepare students to contribute to society.
D） Teachers should select their students courses.
35. Why many students decided to study aboard?
A）Because thousands of young Americans wanted to go to Germany to study.
B）Because young Americans were not satisfied with their school system in the USA.
C）Because American professors were not as good as those abroad.
D）Because European universities were not connected with churches.
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
The nuclear age in which the human race is living, and may soon be dying, began for the general public with the dropping of an atom bomb on Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. But for nuclear scientists and for certain American authorities, it had been known for some time that such a weapon was possible.
An atom consists of a tiny core called the "nucleus" with attendant electrons circling round it. The hydrogen atom, which is the simplest and lightest, has only one electron. Heavier atoms have more and more as they go up the scale. The first discovery that had to do with what goes on in nuclei was radioactivity, which is caused by particles being shot out of the nucleus. It was known that a great deal of energy is locked up in the nucleus, but until just before the outbreak of the Second World War, there was no way of releasing this energy in any large quantity. A revolutionary discovery was that, in certain circumstances, mass can be transformed into energy in accordance with Einstein′s formula which states that the energy generated is equal to the mass lost multiplied by the square of the velocity of light.
The A-bomb, however, used a different process, depending upon radioactivity. In this process, called "fission", a heavier atomsplits into two lighter atoms. In general, in radioactive substances this fission proceeds at a constant rate which is slow where substances occurring in nature are concerned. But there is one form of uranium called "U235" which, when it is pure, sets up a chain reaction which spreads like fire, though with enormously greater rapidity. It is this substance that was used in making the atom bomb.
The political background of the atomic scientists′ work was the determination to defeat the Nazis. It was held—I think rightly—that a Nazi victory would be an appalling disaster. It was also held, in Western countries, that German scientists must be well advanced towards making an A-bomb, and that if they succeeded before the West did they would probably win the war. When the war was over,it was discovered, to the complete astonishment of both American and British scientists, that the Germans were nowhere near success, and, as everybody knows, the Germans were defeated before any nuclear weapon had been made. But I do not think that nuclear scientists of the West can be blamed for thinking the work urgent and necessary. Even Einstein favored it.
When, however, the German war was finished, the great majority of those scientists who had collaborated towards making the A-bomb considered that it should not be used against the Japanese,who were already on the verge （边缘） of defeat and, in any case,did not constitute such a menace to the world as Hitler. Many of them made urgent represent ations to the American Government advocating that, instead of using the bomb as a weapon of war, they should after a public announcement, explode it in a desert, and that future control of nuclear energy should be placed in the hands of an international authority. Seven of the most eminent of nuclear scientists drew up what is known as "The Franck Report" which they presented to the Secretary of War in June 1945. This is a very admirable and far-seeing document, and if it had won the assent of the politicians, none of our subsequent terrors would have arisen.
36. We may infer that the writer′s attitude towards the A bomb is that .
A） it is a necessary evil
B） it is a terrible threat to the whole of mankind
C） it played a vital part in defeating the Japanese
D） it was a wonderful invention
37. According to the passage, an atom is heavy if .
A） it has a large nucleusB） it is radioactive
C） its nucleus has many electronsD） its nucleus shoots out many particles
38. The American and British scientists were astonished at the end of the Second World War against Germany because .
A）the Germans had been defeated without the use of nuclear weapons
B）the Western countries had won before they had invented nuclear weapons
C） they thought the Germans would probably win the war
D）the Germans had made little progress in developing nuclear weapons
39. According to the writer, most scientists who had helped in making the A bomb considered that it should not be used against the Japanese because .
A） it was such a dangerous weapon
B） its use against the Japanese, was unnecessary
C） it was a very inhumane weapon
D） the German war was finished
40.It is implied that the nuclear scientists .
A）might not have agreed to develop the bomb if there had been no Nazi threat
B） would have developed the bomb even without the Nazi threat
C）would have made the bomb, under peacetime conditions, but only for the use of an international authority
D）developed the bomb because Einstein thought it urgent and necessary
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part.
For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and
D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.
Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a
single line through the center.
41.The British Library____ the right to a free copy of every
new book published in the United Kingdom.
A) contains B) retires
C) retains D) conveys
42.The secretary____ the foreign minister____ an interview he
was to give that afternoon.
A) reminded … of
B) reassured…about
C) consulted…about
D) questioned…to
43. The way other people behave towards us influences how
we____ ourselves.
A) conceive of B) consist ofC) confront with D) conform to
44. I suppose some people create an idea of who they want to
be and, they ____ it____.
A) work…over B) bear…outC) live…out D) get… over
45.With the economy of the country growing strong, the____
mood is one of optimism .
A) presiding B) circulating C) floating D) prevailing
46. These technological advances in communication have____ the
way people do business.
A) revolted B) represented C) adopted D) transformed
47. The workers of the textile mill ____ that trade union
leaders be elected from the workshops .
A) urged B) related C) combated D) adapted
48. It is a____ of our company to give refunds if goods are
faulty.
A) policy B) discipline C) decision D) determination
49. ____ friends helped him to get appointed ambassador to
France .
A) Efficient B) Influential C) Impressive D) Effective
50.Their ambitious schemes for making money quickly____.
A) took a chance
B) came to nothing
C) went into action
D) got to the point
51.She knew who wrote the letter, so without opening it she
tore it into pieces____A) in excitement
B) in disappointment
C) in disgust
D) in expectation
52.He had always been ____the way Ruth looked, and had never
once paid her a compliment .
A) oblivious to B) guilty of C) wary of D) subject to
53.Familarity with a wide range of idiomatic expressions, and
the ability to use them appropriately____ are among the
distinguishing marks of command of English like a native.
A) in context B) in practice C) in place D) in case
54.We are still____ things here, but I can’t guarantee the
situation will stay that way.
A) in memory of
B) in search of
C) in control of
D) in need of
55.Democratic government is a phrase that is notoriously hard
to____.
A) credit B) defy C) modify D) define
56.Bill is rich. His house is full of ____ such as expensive
high-tech video systems and all the latest computer
equipment.
A) luxuries B) festivities C) dimensions D) instruments
57.She is quite capable, but the problem is that she is
not____.
A) consistent B) insistent C) beneficent D) resistant
58.Based on the____ that every business is now free to
formulate its own strategy in light of the changing market, I
would predict a market improvement in the efficiency of
China’s economy.
A) guidance B) instruction C . premise D) eminence
59.Nurses should do all they can to make their patients feel ____.
A .on board B) at ease C) at leisure D) at heart
60.The accused was ____to have been the leader of the plot to
overthrow the governmentA) reconciled B) blended C) alleged
D) referred
61. She ____the letter, put it in the envelope and handed it
to her father.
A) folded B) wrapped C) rolled D) slided
62. In the last century, new drugs have ____ improved health
throughout the world.A) inconsistently B) supposedly C)
notedly D) markedly
63. Now a paper argues that organic chemicals in the rock come
mostly from ____ on earth rather than bacteria on Mars.
A) configuration
B) constitution
C) condemnation
D) contamination
64. When he went to the airport for the ticket, Tom suddenly
realized that his passport had ____ for half a year.
A) abolished B) expired C) amended D) constrained
65. Since the information was easily____, we found it
immediately.
A) acceptable B) accessory C) accessible D) possible
66.There is no known cure for SARS, but doctors are developing
ways to help sufferers ____ it.
A) retard B) eliminate C) dispense D) handle
67. She was____ her brains to remember the man’s time, but her
bad memory failed her.
A) hitting B) beating C) racking D) exhausting
68. Many apartments have doors with a security window so that
one may____ outside and observe visitors without being seen.
A) peer B) peek C) peel D) pile
69. French cars are more elegantly styled than their British
____.
A) counterparts B) equals C) ones D) copies
70. After failing his driving test four times, he finally____
trying to pass.
A) gave up B) gave away C) gave off D) gave in
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