课程代码：00196
请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上
Ⅰ. Choose the best answer for each blank (10 points, 1 point for each item)
从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。（每小题1分，共10分）
1.Carry-out restaurants often serve fast foods; customers place their _________
at a counter and then “take-out” the food to wherever they wish to eat.
A. menus B. orders
C. demands D. reservations
2.Traditionally the hotel industry has looked at _________ as a measure of
success.
A. specialty B. occupancy
C. availability D. low cost
3.The European Union was established to foster economic _________ among the
countries of Western Europe.
A. integration B. combination
C. acquisition D. normalization
4.One element of the decision support systems is a software that permits easy
_________ between users of the system and the database and model base.
A. reaction B. operation
C. response D. interaction
5. _________ consumption is a phrase coined by Thorstein Veblen, a prominent
American social theorist and economist who died in 1929.
A. Conspicuous B. Suspicious
C. Obvious D. Outstanding
6.Operational managers are lower-level managers who _________ the operations of
the organization.
A. conduct B. supervise
C. advise D. adjust
7.Various _________ can provide information helpful in forecasting the future.
A. courses B. causes
C. sources D. resources
8.Many researchers agree that organizations usually perform better if they
implement more concentric _________ strategy in which businesses are somewhat
related to one another.
A. simplification B. complication
C. diversification D. certification
9.Chrismatic leaders are _________ and have a strong conviction in the moral
righteousness of their beliefs.
A. self-reliant B. self-taught
C. self-service D. self-confident
10.Knowing a few fundamental _________ of persuasion will help you convince
others to adopt your viewpoint.
A. disciples B. principles
C. disciplines D. principals
Ⅱ. Cloze Test (10 points, 1
point for each item) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项，根据上下文要求选出最佳答案。（每小题1分，共10分）
The 11 communication means not only that the receiver provides feedback but
also that the sender is receptive to and responds to the 12 . In these
constructive exchanges, information is 13 between both parties rather than
delivered from one person to the other. One-way communication is much more 14
than it should be because it is faster and easier for the 15 . The busy
executive finds it easier to dash off a memo than to discuss the issue with the
subordinate. Also he doesn’t have to deal with questions or be challenged by
someone who 16 strongly with what the memo says. Two-way communication is more
difficult and 17 than one-way communication. 18 , it is more accurate; thus,
fewer mistakes occur and fewer problems 19 . Receivers have a chance to ask
questions, share concerns, make suggestions or modifications, and consequently
understand more precisely 20 is being communicated and what they should do
with the information.
11.A. one way B. one-way C. two ways D. two-way
12.A. information B. answer C. reply D. feedback
13.A. supplied B. shared C. applied D. compared
14.A. common B. influential C. unusual D. specific
15.A. manager B. subordinate C. receiver D. sender
16.A. agrees B. disagrees C. supports D. opposes
17.A. time saving B. consuming time C. time-consuming D. saving-time
18.A. What’s more B. Furthermore C. Instead D. However
19.A. arise B. rise C. raise D. arouse
20.A. what B. which C. that D. who
Ⅲ．Reading Comprehension (30 points, 2 points for each item)
阅读下列短文，根据短文，在每个问题后所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。（每小题2分，共30分）
Passage One
More traditional approaches to studying leadership are the trait approach,
the behavioral approach, and the situational approach.
The trait approach is the oldest leadership perspective and was dominant for
several decades. This approach seems logical for studying leadership: It focuses
on individual leaders and attempts to determine the personal characteristics
(traits) that great leaders share. What set Winston Churchill, Alexander the
Great, Gandhi, Napoleon, and Martin Luther King apart from the crowd? The trait
approach assumes the existence of a leadership personality and that leaders are
born not made. But the perspective of the 1990s is that although some
personality traits do distinguish effective leaders from other people, a person
need not be born with these traits, but can strive to acquire them. These traits
may include drive, leader- ship motivation, integrity, self-confidence,
knowledge of the business, and the ability to perceive the needs and goals of
followers and to adjust one’s personal leadership approach accordingly.
The behavioral approach attempts to identify what good leaders do. Should
leaders focus on getting the job done or on keeping their followers happy?
Should they make decisions autocratically or democratically? In the behavioral
approach, personal characteristics are considered less important than the
behaviors leaders exhibit. Three general categories of leadership behavior have
received particular attention: behaviors related to task performance, group
maintenance, and employee participation in decision making.
According to proponents of the situational approaches to leadership,
universally important traits and behaviors don’t exist. They believe effective
leader behaviors vary from situation to situation. The leader should first
analyze the situation and then decide what to do. In other words, look before
you lead.
21.What does the word “trait” in the 1st paragraph mean?
A. Ability. B. Trade.
C. Trial. D. Characteristic.
22.Which of the following approaches is considered to be the oldest leadership
perspective?
A. The trait approach. B. The traditional approach.
C. The behavioral approach. D. The situational approach.
23.What does the trait approach assume?
A. Leaders are born. B. Leaders are made.
C. Personality traits can be acquired. D. There’s no leadership personality.
24.Which of the following isn’t the traditional approach to the study of
leadership?
A. Study of leaders’ personal characteristics.
B. Study of leaders’ conduct.
C. Study of the environment of leaders.
D. Study of leaders’ magic power.
25.What’s the author’s attitude toward these traditional approaches?
A. He agrees with them.
B. He criticizes the situational approach.
C. He criticizes the behavioral approach.
D. He introduces them objectively.
Passage Two
The danger of being sued by a client for problems created by an intermediary
has forced travel agents and such suppliers as airlines to seek protection
through insurance and the use of disclaimers. A disclaimer is a statement that
is written into a contract explaining that the travel agent or supplier will not
be liable for acts or errors of wholesalers and other third parties, such as
tour guides and chauffeurs. To be fully protected, a disclaimer normally must be
presented to the client both in writing and orally.
Travel agents and suppliers have found that it is important to review
carefully all of the advertising and promotional materials they give to clients
to make certain the wording in such material does not negate their disclaimers.
It is natural for a travel agency to want to convince clients that it is
professional and offers dependable service; however, such claims may create
problems if they should prove untrue. For example, an agency called the Four
Winds Travel Agency once stated the following in its advertising:
Four Winds also guarantees that every tour will be escorted by a qualified
professional tour director. Our directors are carefully selected and trained.
Your Four Winds jet tour is an escorted tour. From the moment you leave until
your journey ends, you are cared for by a carefully selected Four Winds Tour
Escort.
A client purchased a 47-day tour for a Four Winds tour to South America. During
her visit to Brazil she was being transported in a boat on the Amazon River near
Manaus. The boat was not owned by Four Winds, and the guide was not a Four Winds
employee. As the boat docked at Manaus, the client slipped and fell in the
Amazon. Although it was an accident, she sued Four Winds. The court agreed that
the promotional literature had led her to believe Four Winds would be in charge
of the tour.
26.In this passage a disclaimer _________.
A. is an oral statement
B. is often used by clients
C. can free a travel agent from liability in certain matters
D. is used by a wholesaler to sue a travel agent
27.The word “wording” in the 1st sentence of the 2nd paragraph means _________ .
A. the words chosen to express something
B. the lengthy sentences
C. the ambiguous words
D. the word order
28.In the example, the client purchased a tour to _________ .
A. the Amazon River B. Manaus
C. South America D. Four Winds
29.The client fell in the Amazon River when she was escorted by _________.
A. a qualified professional tour director
B. a guide who was not a Four Winds employee
C. a carefully selected Four Winds Tour Escort
D. a guide who accompanied her all the way to the destination
30. _________ won the lawsuit.
A. The new guide B. The guide with Four Winds
C. Four winds D. The client
Passage Three
California Pizza Kitchen was created in 1985 by two former federal
prosecutors looking for “something different” to do. This restaurant chain
specializes in “designer pizza”, in which the pizza crust is a “canvas” for
exotic food toppings such as Thai chicken or southwestern burritos. The formula
of offering stylish main courses costing less than $10 in a sit-down setting
brought success. In only nine years, CPK mushroomed into a national chain of 77
restaurants with plans to expand tenfold in the years to come.
Part of its recipe for success was its intensive use of information systems.
The fast-food restaurant business is extremely competitive. To remain
profitable, restaurants need to tightly control food and labor costs while
maintaining the quality of food and service. Since diners are put off by high
prices, the only way to contain costs is through inventory and portion control.
CPK keeps precise track of the amount of ingredients used in each menu item and
stocks only as much of these ingredients as each restaurant needs.
Waiters and waitresses enter data about each menu item ordered into handheld
point-of-sale (POS) device in all CPK restaurants. These devices transmit the
ordering information via radio frequencies to a server in the back of the
restaurant. Each restaurant transmits its sales data and inventory reports to
PCs at the company’s home office, where the information is consolidated and
analyzed. One application called Inventory Express “remembers” ordering
patterns, such as the amount of tomatoes a restaurant needs each week, and
compares the amount of each item used to what each restaurant actually sold. If,
for example, a restaurant sold 100 Peking Duck pizzas in one week, it should
have used a predetermined amount of duck meat, such as 40 pounds, based on
portion measurements established by CPK management. Using more duck meat would
indicate a problem with over-portioning or waste. Restaurants with out-of-line
portions would be told to take corrective action.
31.California Pizza Kitchen is _________ .
A. an Italian restaurant B. a pizza stand
C. a restaurant chain D. a gourmet restaurant
32.The word “canvas” in the 2nd sentence of the 1st paragraph doesn’t mean
_________ .
A. crust B. cloth
C. topping D. burrito
33.To remain profitable, CPK doesn’t _________.
A. stock more ingredients than needed by each restaurant
B. tightly control food and labor cost.
C. maintain the quality of food and service
D. offer inexpensive stylish main courses.
34.The portion measurements are established by _________.
A. each restaurant B. waiters and waitresses
C. the two federal prosecutors. D. CPK management
35.Restaurants with out-of-line potions would _________.
A. put diners off. B. increase in profit
C. attract more customers D. lead to over-portioning or waste
Ⅳ. Word Spelling (20 points, 1 point for each item)
请将完整的单词写出。作为提示，每个单词的意义、词类及首字母均已给出（每小题1分，共20 分）
1. to prevent the progress of something (v.) h_________
2. to depart from a purpose (v.) d_________
3. fit for cultivation (adj.) a_________
4. done with force and energy (adj.) v_________
5. the power to begin with a plan (n.) i_________
6. very complex and complicated (adj.) s_________
7. to ponder or evaluate (v.) w_________
8. arising from the faculty of sensing without the use of rational process
(adj.) i_________
9. one who argues in support of something (n.) p_________
10. a preceding occurrence (n.) a_________
11. tending to cause something (adj.) c_________
12. a characteristic manner of preparing food (n.) c_________
13. to institute legal proceedings (v.) s_________
14. biased (adj.) d_________
15. most favorable or desirable (adj.) o_________
16. to have as an necessary consequence (v.) e_________
17. to promote the development of (v.) f_________
18. precedence, especially established by order of importance (n.) p_________
19. to make as perfect as possible (v.) o_________
20. easily affected (adj.) s_________
Ⅴ. Translation from Chinese into English (15 points, 3 points for each item)
将下列各句译成英语（每小题3 分，共15分）
1. 报告应该包含研究者的资格信息。
2. 私有化常常被看作达到某一目的的手段。
3. 宾客的满意是前台的主要职责。
4. 五类信息通过正式渠道向下传达。
5. 人们愿意勤奋工作，只要有理由这样做。
Ⅵ. Translation from English into Chinese (15 points, 3 points for each item)
将下列各句译成汉语。（每小题3 分，共15分）
1. The information should be clear, consistent, and timely.
2. Servers are generally assigned to a specific group of tables.
3. Marketing means designing a hotel to suit the needs and tastes of guest.
4. Travel agents are subject to many restrictions and obligations.
5. There are mainly three types of management support systems.
