否定句型
I am not ...
结构︰主词+be 动词(am/are/is)+not+…。
说明︰在肯定句中 be <动词>的后面加 not 就构成<否定句>。
I am not a student. 我不是学生。
You are not a lawyer. 你不是律师。
It is not a watch. 它不是手表。
I am not + V-ing.
结构︰主词+am(are/is)+not+现在分词…。
说明︰此句型意为“<主词>(人,物)不是正在…”。要构成<现在进行式>的<否定句>,只需在 be <动词>后面加 not。
They are not playing. 他们不是正在玩。
She is not watching TV. 她不是正在看电视。
We are not cleaning the room. 我们不是正在打扫房间。
I don’t + V ...
结构︰主词+don’t/doesn’t+原形动词+…。
说明︰此句型意为“<主词>不(没有)做某事”。肯定句中,如有一般<动词>(speak/work/teach/…),则在一般<动词>前加 don’t 或 doesn’t,并将一般<动词>改为原形<动词>(不加s或es),即构成<否定句>。
I don’t have any brothers. 我没有任何的兄弟。
He doesn’t know Mr. Brown. 他不认识布朗先生。
My mother doesn’t speak English. 我母亲不会讲英语。
I wasn’t ...
结构︰主词+was/were+not+形容词+过去时间。
说明︰此句型意为“<主词>不是…”。was,were 是 be 动词的<过去式>,当句中出现以下<副词>(<词组>)时,<动词>常用过去式:ago,before,yesterday(morning,afternoon,evening), last night,the other day,in the past,just now…。 在 was,were 后面加 not,即构成 be <动词>过去式的<否定句>;将 was,were 移到句首,w 改为大写,句点改为问号,即构成 be <动词>过去式的<疑问句>。
Tom was not busy yesterday. 汤姆昨天不忙。
We were not at home yesterday. 我们昨天不在家。
It was not hot yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午天气不热。
The boys were sick yesterday. 这些男孩昨天生病。
It was cold last winter. 去年冬天天气寒冷。
Was your brother early to class yesterday morning? 你弟弟昨天早晨上课早到吗?
I didn’t + V ...
结构︰主词+didn’t+原形动词+…过去时间。
说明︰本句型的肯定形式是:“<主词>+过去式(+ed)+…过去时间”;将肯定句中的过去式改为“did not(=didn’t)+原形<动词>”,即构成过去式的<否定句>。
He didn’t clean the room yesterday. 他昨天没打扫房间。
She washed the skirt yesterday. 她昨天洗这裙子。
Tom didn’t watch TV last night. 汤姆昨晚没看电视。
He talked to his sister after lunch. 午餐后,他跟他的妹妹谈话。
They didn’t cook lunch for their grandfather yesterday.他们昨天没有为他们的祖父做午饭。
Mary cleaned the room this morning. 玛丽今天早晨打扫了房间。
John didn’t get up early this morning. 约翰今天早晨没有早起床。
Tom didn’t iron his shirt yesterday. 汤姆昨天没有熨衬衣。
My mother didn’t water the garden last week. 我母亲上星期没有给花园里浇水。
I have not + V-ed ...
结构︰主词+have/has+not+过去分词+…。
说明︰在<助动词> have(has)的后面加“not”形成<现在完成式>的否定式。
I have not heard from John for a long time. 我好久没有收到约翰的来信了。
She has not read today’s newspaper. 她还没有看今天的报纸。
They have not seen that movie on television. 他们还没看过电视上的那部影片。
There is no + N/V-ing ...
结构︰There+be+no/not a/not any+名词/动名词(+副词)
说明︰这是表示存在的<否定句>型。否定词用 no,也可用 not a 或 not any。not a 后面跟单数<名词>;not any 跟复数<名词>;no 后面的<名词>单复数都可以。其中以 not a 所表示的否定<语气>较强。如果带有各种<副词>,通常是地点<副词>置于<时间副词>的前面。
There was nothing to buy in the store. There were no shirts, no vests, no jeans, and no pajamas. 那家商店里没什么可买的。那里没有衬衫,没有背心,没有牛仔裤,也没有睡衣。
There was not a moment to be lost. 分秒必争。
There is no denying the fact. 事实决不能否认。
(There must be) No talking in here! 这儿不许讲话。
No smoking (within these walls)! (场内)禁烟!
There is no such + N
结构︰There is no such+名词
说明︰此句型意为“没有这样的…”。
There was no such club. 没有这样的俱乐部。
There is no such man in our neighborhood. 在我们的邻近没有这样的人。
There is no such book as you want. 没有像你所要的这种书。
I am away from ...
结构︰用肯定的陈述句形式来表达否定意义
说明︰这主要是通过某些含有否定意义的词汇来表示,如:off,out of,far from,away from, refuse 等,以及含有否定意义的词缀的词汇,如:dislike,unhappy,impossible 等。
Mr. Jones is away from Taipei. 琼斯先生已不在台北。
The project is far from perfect. 这项企划很不完美。
The manager is out of the office. 经理不在办公室。
They shun personal fame and gains.他们不计个人名利。(shun 原义为“避开”,引伸为“不要”)
I dislike this student very much. 我顶讨厌这个学生。
... far from ...
结构︰... far from ...
说明︰表“离…很远”,后面接<名词>做<受词>;但 far from 可置于句首做<介系词>,表“非但不…”,以<动名词>做<受词>;若置于 be <动词>之后,则视为<副词>,表“一点也不”,后面接<名词>或<形容词>。
It is far from my intention to do such a thing. 我根本不想做这种事。
I live far away from my school. 我住的地方离学校很远。
Far from working hard, he played around. 他非但不用功,反而到处鬼混。
Far from accepting my advice, he went back on me.他非但不接受我的劝告,反而背叛了我。
His explanation was far from satisfactory. 他的解释一点也不令人满意。
I am far from blaming him. 我并不是在责备他。
Far from losing money, he can hardly count his profits.
他哪里是在赔钱,他几乎无法计算其利润呢!
He is far from well. 他并不健康。
It is far from the truth. 这哪里是事实。
It is free form + N ...
结构︰主词+be 动词+free from+名词…
说明︰此句型意为“没有…”。本<词组>须置于 be <动词>之后,等于 without,以<名词>做其<受词>。
He leads a life (which is) free from care. 他过着无忧无虑的生活。
The hill is completely free from trees. 这个山丘上一棵树也没有。
This city is free from thieves. 这个城市没有盗贼。
When her son returned she was at last free from anxiety.她儿子回来了,她总算解除了忧虑。
I told him not to go.
结构︰…not+非述语成分
说明︰本<句型>的述语是肯定形式,not 加在句中其它成分上,可以否定<主词>、<受词>或<副词>。 not 用以否定非述语成分,主要是用在两种情形:一是不这样安排 not,就会改变句子的意义;二是用于含有对比的叙述中。
I told him not to go. 我告诉了他,叫他不要去。
He goes to school not by bus, but on foot. 他去上学不是乘公共汽车,而是走路去的。
Not a contract was to be signed. 连一个合同也没签。
The teacher told him not to make such a mistake again. 老师叫他不要再犯这样的错误。
I went to see my friend off, not to meet him. 我是去送朋友,不是去接他。
He felt sorry for not coming to the meeting on time. 他为没有准时到会感到很抱歉。
No + N + V ...
结构︰No+单数名词+肯定式动词…
说明︰此句型意为“没有一…”。此<句型>“No+<名词>”的 No 是“Not a(没有一个)”之意,有时“No+<名词>”是“No+other+<名词>”之意。
No animal of the horoscope is considered dumb or ugly or evil.
天宫图上的动物没有一种被认为是愚笨的或丑陋的或邪恶的。
No student in this school is from the southern part of Taiwan.
这个学校没有一个学生是来自南台湾的。
No grammar book is more popular than this one with senior high school students.
没有(别的)一本文法书比这一本更受高中生的欢迎。
I don’t think ...
结构︰主词+否定式动词+副词/that-子句
说明︰如果否定的是后面的<副词>或<子句>,通常是将否定词提前移到述语中去,其意义仍然是表示否定后面的部分。像 I think,I believe,I suppose,I feel,I see 等词语引出否定的<子句>时,大多是将 not 放在述语<动词>部分。在口语中,尤其是这样。
I don’t think it’s right to make such a hasty decision.我认为如此仓促地做出决定是不正确的。
I don’t think this is worth trying. 我看这是不值得一试的。
Many people don’t think it is dangerous to go mountain climbing.很多人认为爬山并不危险。
I still don’t see the point you emphasized. 我仍然弄不清楚你所强调的要点。
I don’t see any point of playing video games all day.我看不出整天打电动玩具有什么意义。
I don’t believe that he will come tonight. 我认为他今晚不会来。
I’m not feeling very well today, I can’t attend the meeting.
我今天感到不怎么舒服,我不能参加会议了。
He did not come here in order to attend the meeting. 他来这里决不是要参加会议的。
All is not ...
结构︰all/both/every…+not…
说明︰此句型意为“并非一切…都是”。含有全体意义的<代名词>和<副词>如 all,every(及其派生词), both,always,altogether,entirely,wholly 等,用于否定结构时不是表示全部被否定,而只表示其中的一部分被否定。也可将 not 置于 all,every 等词的前面。
All is not gold that glitters. (=All that glitters is not gold.) 闪闪发光者并非都是金子。
Not all the students study hard. 并非所有的学生都用功念书。
I don’t know all of them. 我并不都认识他们。
The rich are not always happy. 富人未必一定幸福。
A kind man is not always patient. 心肠好的人未必总是有耐心。
His deeds do not always agree with his words. 他的言行并非总是一致。
Nobody can always have good luck. 没有人始终能够有好运。
A wise man doesn’t know everything. 智者并非每一件事都懂。
Every one cannot become businessman. 不是所有的人都能成为商人。
Such a product is not found everywhere. 这样的产品不是随处可以找到的。
Not both of his sisters agree to his suggestion. 他两个姊姊并未都同意他的提议。
Both items are not fashionable. 两个品种并不都很时髦。
I don’t like both of them. 他们两人我并不都喜欢。
Not both the artists have a keen eye for beauty. 这两位艺术家并非都有审美的眼光。
Not both Peter and John enjoy music. 并非彼得与约翰都喜欢音乐。
He doesn’t wholly agree to the plan. 他并不完全同意这项计划。
... not necessarily ...
结构︰... not necessarily ...
说明︰此句型意为“未必是…”。not necessary 是"不必要的"。
The name of a restaurant won’t necessarily tell you much about the food it serves.
餐厅的名字未必能告诉你很多它所供应的食物。
A good book does not necessarily sell well. 好书未必畅销。
This is not necessarily the best. 这未必是最好的。
Learned men are not necessarily wise. 博学者未必都是聪明的。
A hero is not necessarily one who has done brave things. 英雄未必是做过勇敢之事的人。
The strongest man does not necessarily live the longest. 最强壮的人未必活得最久。
No/none ... + V ...
结构︰no/none 等否定词+肯定式动词…
说明︰本<句型>表示全体否定。否定词 no,none,nobody,nothing,nowhere,nohow,neither, never 等本身就是绝对的否定意义,<动词>虽是肯定形式,但整个句子仍表达否定的意义,常译做“任何…都不”,“大家都不…”,“全都没有…”,“任何时候都不…”,“无论何处都不…”等。这些否定词引导的词组大多做<主词>,也可做<受词>和<副词>。
No buyers can buy this sort of product. 任何买主都不能购买这种产品。
Neither of my parents enjoys music. 我父母都不喜欢音乐。
I like neither of the designs. (=I don’t like either of the designs.)这两个花样我都不喜欢。
None of the three is a good student (are good students). 这三人都不是好学生。
Nothing worth doing is easy. 值得做的事没有容易做的。
Nothing is impossible to a willing mind. 有志的人没有做不到的事。
Nothing is changeless. 没有一成不变的东西。
Nobody is without faults. 没有人是没有缺点的。
He never gets up early. 他从未早起过。
The book is nowhere to be had. 这本书什么地方都买不到。
All + V + un...
结构︰all/both/every 等+肯定式动词+含否定意义的单词…
说明︰此句型意为“一切…都不”。all,every 等词在本句型中表示全部否定,其否定意义不是通过述语 <动词>,而是通过句子其它成分中含有否定意义的单词表达出来的。
All goods here are unsaleable. 这里的一切货物都是卖不出去的。
All his plan came to nothing. 他的一切计划都没有实现。
Every selling plan made by him is impossible of execution.
他所做的一切销售计画都是不能实现的。
We all disbelieved what he promised. 对于他的许诺我们全都不相信。
Their quarrels about the trivia are always interminable. 他们对琐事的争吵总是没完没了。
... not ..., neither ...
结构︰(前句)否定句,+(后句)nor/neither+肯定式动词+主词…
说明︰后句是补充的否定,因为以 no,neither 开头,所以要采用倒装句构。
She has no experience in typing, nor does the skill interest her.
她没有打字经验,那种技术也引不起她的兴趣。
You can’t cancel the contract, nor can I, nor can anybody else.
你不能撤约,我也不能,任何人都不能。
The first isn’t good, and neither is the second. 第一个不是好的,第二个也不好。
You did not see the teacher, neither did I. 你没有看见老师,我也没有。
... not ... still ...
结构︰主词+否定式动词…+much less/still less+名词词组/子句
说明︰much less 或 still less 引导的<词组>或<子句>,表示一种追加的否定。less 是由 little 的否定意义而来的,所以只能用于<否定句>,一般译做“更无;更不”。
She cannot buy daily necessities, much less luxuries.
她连生活必需品都不能买,更不用说奢侈品。
He can hardly run a mile, much less the marathon.他连一哩都跑不了,更不用说马拉松了。
I did not even see him, still less talk with him.我看也没看见他,更不用说跟他谈过话了。
..., to say nothing of ...
结构︰主词+否定式动词…;+to say nothing of+名词(子句)
说明︰此句型意为“更不用说;更不待言”。to say nothing of 可用 not to speak of,not to mention等代替。
He does not know English, to say nothing of German or French.
他不懂英文,更不要说德文和法文了。
At that time they could not produce ordinary garments, not to speak of high-grade ones.
那时他们连普通衣服都不能生产,更不要说高级的了。
We can’t afford a car, not to mention the fact that we have no garage.
我们买不起汽车,没有车库的事就更不必说了。
It hardly/scarcely + V ...
结构︰主词+hardly/scarcely+动词…
说明︰此句型意为“…几乎不…”。这是通过 hardly 等半否定词表示的<否定句>。此类半否定词还有: scarcely,seldom,little,few,rarely 等。
It hardly (scarcely) matters. 没有什么关系。
I have hardly ever been out of this city. 我几乎未曾离开过这个城市。
Justice was hardly done but someone complained (=without someone’s complaining).
要达到没有人认为不公平的公平是很难的。
We seldom buy this sort of goods. 我们很少买这种货。
Seldom seen, soon forgotten. 少见则易忘;别久则情疏。
Little remains to be talked about. 简直没什么可谈的了。
... seldom or never ...
结构︰…seldom or never…
说明︰此句型意为“几乎不…;简直不…”。也可用“little or nothing”。
She seldom or never reads a book. 她简直不看书。
People seldom or never bought silk garments a few years ago.
几年前,人们几乎是不买丝绸服装的。
I saw little or nothing of him after graduation. 毕业后我几乎没有看见过他。
She bought little or nothing in this shop. 她在这家店里几乎没买过东西。
I can’t ...
结构︰主词+否定式动词…+否定词/含否定意义的词…
说明︰此句型意为“无…不…;没有…不…”。这是双重<否定句>型。也可译做肯定句。本<句型>的<动词>是否定式,所以<主词>不能用否定<代名词>。英语的习惯用法是否定<代名词>后面不能再用否定式<动词>。
You can’t make something out of nothing. 巧妇难为无米之炊。
What’s done cannot be undone. 已经做了的事后悔也无用。
He has never dissatisfied with this plan. 他从来没有对计划表示不满。
No one wanted to + V ...
结构︰No one(Nobody)+ wanted(liked)to+原形动词…。
说明︰此句型意为“没有人想要(喜欢)…”。nobody(无一人)与 no one(无一人)同义,仅限用于“人”,但是 nobody 更具口语化;nobody(或 no one)如当<主词>,后面接单数<动词>。
No one wanted to buy small oranges. 没有人想买小柳橙。
No one liked to have trouble. 没有人想碰到麻烦。
No one wanted to listen to a madman. 没有人想听疯子讲话。
... no ... without + N
结构︰…never/not/no…+without+名词/动名词
说明︰此句型意为“每…必然…;没有…就没有…”。这是双重<否定句>。有时译成“没有…而不…”;“每一次…都…”。
I cannot see this picture without thinking of my father.看到这幅画使我不能不想起我父亲。
I never see him without feeling like crying. 我每次见到他就想哭。
He never helps me without trying to take advantage of me. 他每次帮我都想占我便宜。
He never visits me without asking about our old friends.
他每次来访必然问起我们昔日的朋友。
The president of their company never makes a promise without intending to keep it.
他们公司的董事长每次许诺必然会遵守诺言。
He never went to the bookstore without buying some books.
他没有一次到书店而不买一些书。
They never met without smiling at each other. 他们每一次相遇都彼此微笑。
I never speak English without making mistakes. 我没有一次说英语而不犯错的。
Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.
没有一件伟大的事情可以达成而没有热诚。
No gains without pains. 不劳则无获。
No one can succeed without working hard. 没有人能够成功而不努力。
No one can live without breathing. 没有一个人可以不呼吸而生存。
No prisoner escaped from the prison without being seen.
没有一个囚犯逃离这个监狱而不被看到。
never ... but ...
结构︰never…+but+主词+动词
说明︰此句型意为“每…必然…”。but 在此是<连接词>,引导<副词子句>。本句构的 but 相当于 if…not…。
It never rains but it pours. 一下雨就倾盆而降--祸不单行。
I never look at the stars but I think how little I am.我每次看星星必然会想自己是多么渺小。
She never reads a book but she goes to sleep. 她一看书就想睡觉。
He never goes on a vacation but he takes his pet dog. 他每次度假都会带他的狗去。
I never see him but I am happy. 我看到他就高兴。
He never goes out but he drops in at that bookstore.
他每次外出都会顺道去那家书店待一会儿。
I never fail to + V ...
结构︰主词+never fail to+原形动词
说明︰此句型意为“必定会…;一定会…”。fail 因包含“失败”的否定意义,故也属双重否定。
She never fails to write to her parents every month. 她每个月一定写信给她的父母亲。
He never failed to send the ambassador a report each week. 他每个礼拜必送报告给大使。
A good teacher never fails to try his best to answer his students.
一个好老师总是尽力为学生解答。
He is eloquent and humorous as well. What he says never fails to please us.
他口才好又幽默,他所说的一定能使我们高兴。
I cannot but + V ...
结构︰主词+cannot+but/choose but/help but+原形动词
说明︰此句型意为“不得不…”。but 后只能跟原形<动词>。
I cannot but admire his wise plan. 我不得不赞美他的计划。
They cannot (choose) but admit that our requirement is reasonable.
他们不得不承认我们的要求是合理的。
I could not (help) but laugh. 我不禁笑出来。
It is not uncommon for ...
结构︰It is not uncommon for+名词+to-不定词…
说明︰此句型意为“…并非不常见”。not uncommon 是双重否定,表肯定。it 是虚<主词>。
It is not uncommon for parents to put a newborn in a separate room.
父母把新生儿放在分隔的房间并非不常见。
It is not uncommon for women to smoke in public. 妇女在大众面前抽烟并非不常见。
It is not uncommon for people to jaywalk. 人们任意穿越马路并非不常见。
I am anything but ...
结构︰主词+be 动词+anything but+名词/形容词…
说明︰此句型意为“绝非…”。等于 far from。后面跟<名词>或<形容词>做 be <动词>的<补语>。
He is anything but a scholar. 他绝非学者。
He is anything but diligent. 他一点也不勤奋。
The man was anything but rich. 这人绝不是个富翁。
He was anything but a hero. 他绝不是一个英雄。
It is anything but complete. 这并未完成。
Climbing Mt. Everest is anything but a pleasure trip. 登圣母峰绝不是一次轻松的旅途。
His visit to Paris was anything but a success. 他的巴黎之行根本不成功。
I am in no way ...
结构︰主词+动词+含否定意义的词组(in no way/by no means 等)…
说明︰此类<词组>有 in no way,by no means,in no wise,on no account 等,译为“决不;毫不”。如因强调而置于句首,则要采用倒装句构。
I am in no way to blame. 我一点也没错。
It is by no means easy to satisfy everyone. 要满足每一个人绝非易事。
He will in no wise give up any chances to get a better job.
他不会放弃任何机会以获得一份好工作。
On no account (do you) forget to lock the door. 千万别忘了锁门。
I am not in the least ...
结构︰主词+be 动词+not+in the least…
说明︰此句型意为“一点也不…”。
I am not in the least tired. 我一点也不疲倦。
He is not in the least kind. 他心肠一点都不好。
I was not surprised in the least. 我一点也不感到惊讶。
The shop assistant was not in the least afraid of the trouble. 那店员一点也不怕麻烦。
I am no + N ...
结构︰... no+名词…
说明︰no 通常当形容词,后面须接名词;no的后面不可紧接a,an,any,many,much等字。
We feel that life is no laughing matter. 我们觉得人生绝非是开玩笑的事情。
Mr. Chen used no (didn’t use any) chemicals on his fruit. 陈先生的水果不使用农药。
Tony used no reference books in class. 托尼上课时不使用参考书。
It is no joke. 这绝非是开玩笑。
This is no fact. 这绝非是事实。
That’s no lie! 那绝不是谎话!
He is no writer. 他绝不是作家。
Tom is no coward. 汤姆绝不是懦夫。
no + N + in the world ...
结构︰…否定词+名词+in the world/on earth…
说明︰此<句型>中否定词与<名词>结合的<词组>可以是<主词>,也可以是<受词>或其它句子成分;in the world,on earth,all 等大范围词语一般作<形容词>或<副词>用。
There will be no difficulty in the world that they cannot overcome.
世界上任何困难他们都可以克服。
This is a market condition no force on earth can change.这一市场情况任何力量也改变不了。
He was not all confused. 他一点儿也不胡涂。
It is of no value at all. 那是毫无价值的。
I’m the world’s worst businessman. 我最不会做生意。
I am the last man to ...
结构︰主词+be 动词+the last+名词+to-不定词/子句
说明︰此句型意为“绝不可能是…;最不像是…”。<子句>是以 that 做<关系代名词>所引导的<形容词子句>。
A plane crash was the last thing that we had expected. 我们绝对没有想到飞机会出事。
This is the last place where I expected to meet you. 我绝没想到会在这里遇见你。
He is the last man to do such a thing. 他绝不可能会做这种事。
Mick is the last man to break his word. 迈克绝不是不守承诺的人。
He is the last man (that) I want to see now. 他是我现在最不愿见到的人。
You were the last man (that) I had dreamed of meeting here.
那天我万万没有料到会在这里遇到你。
He is the last man to accept a bribe. 他绝不像是会接受贿赂的人。
I cannot ... too ...
结构︰cannot…too+形容词/副词
说明︰此句型意为“再…也不为过;愈…愈好”。也可用“cannot+<动词>+too much”或“cannot…+too many/much+<可数名词>/<不可数名词>”。
You cannot be too careful when driving a car. 开车时愈小心愈好。
I cannot thank enough for your kindness. 我再怎么感谢你的好意也不为过。
We cannot emphasize too much the importance of learning English.
我们再怎样强调学英文的重要性也不为过。
It is wrong to think that one cannot make too many friends.
认为一个人交愈多朋友愈好是错的。
He thinks it right that one cannot make too much money.他认为一个人赚再多的钱也不为过。
You cannot study too hard. 你愈用功愈好。
One cannot be too careful in choosing friends. 择友愈谨慎愈好。
You cannot quit smoking too soon. 你愈早戒烟愈好。
too + ADJ + for ...
结构︰too+形容词+for+(代)名词
说明︰此句型意为“太…而不适宜/而不能…"。相当于“too+<形容词>+to-<不定词>”。
It is still too cold for farming. 气候还是太冷而不适宜农耕。
You are too young for marriage. 你太年轻了,还不能结婚。
The scenery is too beautiful for words. 风景优美,非文字所能形容。
The book is too difficult for most senior high school students.
这本书太难而不适合大多数的高中生。
Servings in restaurants are too large for many people.
餐厅里端出来的食物对许多人来说量是太多了。
The skirt is too long for you. 这条裙子对你来说是太长了。
This room is too large for us. 对我们而言,这间屋子太大了。
He is too tired to walk anymore. 他累得再也走不动了。
She walked too slowly to catch up with us. 她走得太慢,跟不上我们。
... no exception ...
结构︰主词+be 动词+no exception
说明︰此句型意为“…也不例外”。
Almost every language in the world has dialects and American English is no exception.
世界上几乎每种语言都有方言,美国话也不例外。
The poor need love and the rich are no exception. 贫穷的人需要爱,有钱的人也不例外。
Plants can not live without the sun and animals are no exception.
植物没有太阳不能活,动物也不例外。
I have no idea ...
结构︰主词+have no idea…
说明︰此句型意为“不知道…”。
We have no idea how the birds find their way. 我们不知道这些鸟如何找到它们的路。
I have no idea why he resigned his post. 我不知道他为何辞去他的职务。
We have no idea how to persuade him to give up the idea.
我们不知道如何说服他放弃这个念头。
I care nothing about ...
结构︰主词+care nothing about…
说明︰此句型意为“一点也不关心…;毫不在乎…”。
My friends were all boys who cared nothing about studying.
我的朋友都是男生,他们一点也不关心读书。
Do you really care nothing about your future? 你真的一点也不关心你的将来?
I cared nothing about what they said of me. 我毫不在乎他们对我怎么说。
I do not care what ...
结构︰主词+do not care+疑问词(what/whether/…)+主词+动词
说明︰此句型意为“…不在乎…”。
He does not care whether he wins or loses. 他不在乎是否他赢或输。
I do not care what you will say about me. 我不在乎你们会说我什么。
She does not care whether you like her or not. 她不在乎你是否喜欢她。
I can’t bear to ...
结构︰主词+can’t bear+to-不定词/动名词
说明︰此句型意为“忍受不了/不忍…”。bear 后可跟<不定词>或<动名词>。
His suspense became so great that he couldn’t bear to look out the window.
他的疑虑变得这样大,所以他忍受不了往窗外看。
I can’t bear to see him treated like that. 我不忍见到他受到那样的对待。
I can’t bear being called “Fool”. 我忍受不了被叫做“傻瓜”。
... make no sense ...
结构︰主词+make no/much/little sense…
说明︰此句型意为“…有(没有/很有/很少有)意义”。通常用于否定或疑问。
It didn’t make much sense to Galileo to have different rules for motion on earth and in space.
对伽利略来说,地球上和太空中有不同的运动法则是没有多大意义。
His argument does not make sense. 他的争论没有意义。
Does it make sense to let children play with matches? 让小孩玩火柴有意义吗?
... and ...
结构︰主词+动词…+and+动词…。
说明︰and 当“和;并且;而”解,它常含有“结果”的意味;由 and 所连接的两个单字,须用相同的词性。
They can visit many places and see many things.他们可以参观许多地方并且看到许多事物。
You can stay at home and watch TV. 你可以待在家里并且看电视。
We will get up early and do some housework. 我们将早起并且做点家务。
... or ...
结构︰主词+动词…+or+动词+…。
说明︰or 当“或者”解,含有“选择”的意味;由 or 所连接的两个单字,须用“相同的词性”。
They will go to the zoo or play volleyball. 他们要去动物园或打排球。
He can drive his car to work or go by bus. 他可以自己驾车上班或乘公车。
We will play sports or go on a picnic. 我们将做户外运动或去野餐。
... but ...
结构︰主词+动词…,+but+主词+动词+…。
说明︰but 当“但是;然而”解,它含有“相反;对比”的意味;由 but 所连接的两个单字须用“相同的词性”。
I went to bed late, but I got up early. 我晚睡但是早起。
It doesn’t rain a lot in fall, but it rains a lot in spring. 秋天不下很多雨,但春天下很多雨。
He caught a cold yesterday, but he went to school today.他昨天得了感冒,但今天去上学了。
A+Positive,but B+Negative
结构︰A(主词)+肯定(或否定)…,but+B(主词)+否定(或肯定)…。
说明︰此句型意为“A…,但是 B 不…(或:A 不…,但是 B…)”。but 是<连接词>,用于表示“相反”或“对比”,故 but 可连接一个肯定<子句>与一个否定<子句>;本句型中 <助动词>要与一般<动词>的<时态>相一致。
Mr. Collins was tired, but Mr. Smith wasn’t. 柯林斯先生累了,但是史密斯先生不累。
It won’t hurt you, but chemicals will. 它不会伤害你,但是农药会。
Mr. Chen knows this, but other people don’t. 陈先生知道这件事,但是别人不知道。
He made more money, but I didn’t. 他赚了更多的钱,但是我没有。
My sister eats natural foods every day, but I don’t.我妹妹每天都吃天然食品,但是我不吃。
... when/as/while ...
结构︰主要子句+when/as/while+子句
说明︰此句型意为“当…时”。when 引导的<子句>,不仅说明一般时间,而且可以表示与<主要子句>同时或提前的动作时间。两个<动词>常用现在式。as 所表示的同时意义更突出一些,语意更强一些;while 多指动作的过程,时间范围较大一些。<连接词> while 后面的<主词>,如果与<主要子句>的<主词>相同时,while 后面的<主词>与 be <动词>可以省略,如例句8。
When I got there, they were having a negotiation. 我到那里时,他们正谈判。
When I called, Tom was having dinner. 当我打电话时,汤姆正在吃晚饭。
When I met Jill, she was talking to a young man.当我遇到吉尔时,她正在和一个年轻人说话。
When I entered the room, everyone was laughing loudly.
当我走进房间时,每个人都在大声地笑。
When you walk into the room, the lights turn on by themselves.
每当你走入这房间,电灯自己就打开。
The customer laughed as he spoke. 客户边谈边笑。
Work while you work, and rest while you rest. 工作的时候工作,休息的时候休息。
While she was reading in the room (=While reading in the room), she heard John call her.
当她在房间里看书时,她听见约翰在叫她。
... before/after ...
结构︰主要子句+before/after+子句
说明︰此句型意为“…之前/之后”。<主要子句>的动作发生在<子句>动作之前或之后。before 引导的<子句>不可用否定式。
You must send some sample to the customer before you go abroad.
在你出国之前,应该先寄给客户一些样品。
After you think it over, please let me know by fax. 你仔细考虑过之后,请用传真相告。
What do you want to do after you have concluded this transaction?
这笔生意成交之后你想做什么?
... because/as/since ...
结构︰主要子句+because/as/since+子句
说明︰此句型意为“…因为…”。because 作“因为”解释,是<连接词>,它后面所引导的<子句>,叫做“<从属子句>”。<主要子句>前切不可加 so;<从属子句>可放在<主要子句>后,但为了强调,可放在<主要子句>前。
I didn’t like it because it was noisy. 我不喜欢它因为很吵闹。
His boss looked at him coldly because he made several big mistakes.
他的老板冷漠地看着他因为他犯了几个大错误。
John lives happily because he uses his time well to study.
约翰生活得快乐因为他善用他的时间学习。
As rain has fallen, the goods cannot be shipped. 因为下了雨,货物不能装运了。
Since you insist, I must amend the letter of credit. 既然你坚持,我就只好修改信用证。