Ø 第二类型 : if 的非真实条件句 ( 可能性小或没有可能 )
Ø 注意 : if 可以引导真实条件句 , 多是条件状语从句 .
第二类型虚拟语气 ( 时态到推的概念 )
| |
If + 从句 |
主句 |
| 与现在事实相反 |
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+ V.ed |
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+would + V.华夏大地教育网博客 DFZ;R9~+Hk@
+could + V.
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| 与过去事实相反 |
If+ 主语 .+ had+ done
K)A6O9u/xZ0 + been |
主语 + should + have+ p.p.
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+could + have+ p.p.华夏大地教育网博客g5X3Po F:I8|#C &H
+ might+ have+ p.p. |
| 与将来事实相反 |
If+ 主语 .
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+should do/be |
主语 + should + V.
N K2tw~V4AvO0 +would + V.
|-kPS%f0 +could + V.
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第二类型虚拟语气举例省略 if 的倒装
5~/F!V dE%t k }.n0were, had , should.
If the doctor had been available, the child would have been saved.
Had the doctor been available, the child would have been saved.
考题 :
_____for your help, I would not have overcome the psychological pressures and tensions.
A. Had it not been B. not been C. Without being D. not having been
特殊虚拟
• Even if 形式上与 if 相同
• Wish 形式上大体与 if 从句相同
•从句谓语与 Wish 同时 Wish+ 主语 +V.ed/were
I wish I were as young as you.
•从句谓语发生 Wish 之前 多用 Wish+ 主语 +had done(been)
I wish that he had not made so much trouble.
•从句谓语发生 Wish 之后 用 Wish+ 主语 +would(could) + v.
I wish you would stay with me far a while
I wish I could fly.
• It is (about. High..) time that + 从句 (V.ed)
It is high time that we began to work.
• In case, lest, for fear that (should)+ V.
The mad man was out in the padded cell lest he ---himself.
A. injure B. had injured c. injured d. would injure.
• Would rather =had rather, would just as soon, would sooner, would prefer 多加过去式表示尚未发生的动作 .
倒装句
•全部倒装 In came Jack. Now comes your turn.
Among them were two girls.
•部分倒装
Hardly/scarcely/barely had we got on the bus when it began to rain.
No sooner had he put down the receiver than the telephone rang again.
Not until many years later did the whole truth become known.
Not only did he win the championship in the race, but he also broke the world record.
Neither my sister nor I have traveled by air.
• Never, nowhere, no longer, little, feww, not…( not a single word) no. (at no time, by no means, in no way, on no account, under/in no circumstances)
Only here can you buy fresh eggs.
主谓一致要点
To become actresses is their ambition.
Nodding often means you say” yes.”
What I did was to give her a book.
Neither she nor I am wet.
Many a student doesn't like having to do their homework.
连词
•连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, which ever
•连接副词 when, how, why, where, whenever, wherever
•并列连词 and, but, or, so , therefore, yet, however, nevertheless, for, hence, as well as, both..and, not only..but also, either..or, neither..nor,
•从属连词 after, when, before, as, while, since, until, till, although, though, if , even if, unless, lest, because, than, that, whether, so that, as soon as, as long as, in order that, as if, as though, in case, now that, so..that, such..that, as .as.
When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, --- we should not play it.
A. otherwise B. instead C. nevertheless D. either
不定代词
• Any,one, none, nothing, neither, either, both, all, anyone, any one, some, any, much, many
Are you sure there are not--- sharks here? A.any B. some C. many D. much.
Used to , be used to doing
Frank lives alone,. He doesn't mind this because has lived alone for 15years. So he is used to it. He is used to living alone.
These days I usually stay in bed until late. But when I had a job, I used to get up early.
词汇题常考动词搭配
• Come, carry, take, go,get,cut, make, put ,turn, bring.
完型填空题型分析
• 考察重点主谓一致 , 动词时态和语态 , 名词的数 , 代词 , 形容词副词的比较级 , 介词和连词 . 常用词语搭配 .70% 考连词 , 代词 , 介词以及承上启下的其他词和词组 .
• 方法 : 先跳空通读全文 , 然后根据语法结构 , 语义连贯 , 词与词的搭配填空 , 最后在通读全文 .
注意顾全大局 .
•选的是最佳答案 .
•词型填空题大部分为动词 .
阅读理解题型分析
考察
(1) 词和短语的意义
(2) 句子表达的各个内容之间的关系
(3) 文章的主题思想和大意
(4) 文章或某句的内在含义及推理
(5) 文章作者的态度 .
答题方法 :
先看题 — 阅读的难点不是考试的重点
不要死扣一句
第一段和最后一段 , 段首和段尾句
多数题目可以在文章中找到相应的段落 , 句子或短语 .
翻译题
• 评分原则为：
(1) 主要语法错误（如动词时态、语态、虚拟语气、主谓一致、否定、疑问以及其他句型错误）或影响基本句意的重要用词错误扣 1 分。
• 非基本语法错误（如介词、代词、冠词、大写、标点等错误）以及不影响基本句意的用词错误两处扣 1 分。
• 拼写错误每错两处扣 1 分。拼写错误本大题总扣分不超过 3 分。
• 短文英译汉主要是读懂原文 , 注意一些修饰关系的翻译 , 如定语从句 .
• 短文英译汉的评分标准按译文质量分为 15-13 分、 12-10 分、 9-7 分、 6-4 分和 3-1 分五个档次。
各档次标准如下：
（ 1 ） 15-13 分。全文翻译正确或基本正确，汉语表达通顺。
（ 2 ） 12-10 分。全文主要内容翻译正确或基本正确，汉语表达通顺，但有少数语句翻译错误。
（ 3 ） 9-7 分。全文不少于一半的内容翻译基本正确，汉语表达通顺，有一些语句翻译错误。
（ 4 ） 6-4 分。少部分内容翻译基本正确，有较多的语句翻译错误。
（ 5 ） 3-1 分。仅译对个别句子。
（ 6 ）全文译错或只译出零星单词或全文未译，不给分。
（ 7 ）缺译的语句按完全译错处理。 根据以上评分档次描述，评分可在相应的档次上下浮动。
考试注意事项
• 重视语法 . 考试前用时间把书上的语法串起来复习 . 做书上的一些翻译练习 .
• 练习阅读 . 找自己的常犯错误 .
